ADDRESSES IN THE SOLEMN ODES OF M.V. LOMONOSOV AS ORATORICAL FORMS OF SPEECH

Abstract

The subject of the article is the category of treatment in the Rhetoric and solemn odes of M.V. Lomonosov. The task was to show that the category of address in Lomonosov's odes is used in accordance with its rhetorical codification in Lomonosov's textbooks of rhetoric: as a subjective form of speech designed to express the author's attitude to the subject of speech, and as a means of rhetorical decoration, contributing to the achievement of a pragmatic goal – to influence the addressee. The article describes Lomonosov's interpretation of the category of treatment against the background of the previous rhetorical tradition, gives a general description of the use of lexical classes of nouns in the role of treatment. The use of the most frequent words in the vocative function is analyzed – Muse, Russia, God. For the purpose of comparison, the use of common non-personal names in the role of odic addresses is studied. It is demonstrated that the semantics of the address is necessarily filled with meaning coming from the panegyric context. The lexical spheres (figurative and metaphorical synonyms) assigned to the studied vocatives in the odes are also revealed. The conclusions made confirm the assumption that Lomonosov's linguistic practice is the embodiment of his philological views.

Extended abstract:

The article explores the category of treatment in solemn odes and "Rhetoric" by M.V. Lomonosov. Lomonosov's odes are characterized by the use of appeals, making conversion an essential element of his poetic works. The aim of the study is to demonstrate that the use of appeals in Lomonosov's odes is in line with his rhetorical codification in his textbooks of rhetoric. The hypothesis is that Lomonosov's selection of linguistic means in his solemn odes is based on rhetoric. However, the specific implementation of Lomonosov's rhetorical program in odes, particularly regarding the use of individual rhetorical figures, has not been adequately studied. The relevance of this work lies in the need to examine the rhetorical aspect of Lomonosov's odic works. The article provides a brief description of the category of treatment in Lomonosov's "Rhetoric" and shows that the definitions of the address are insufficient to draw conclusions about Lomonosov's understanding of the formal and expressive features of the address as a rhetorical figure. The problem of diachronic rhetorical context is also discussed, which is necessary to clarify the nature of the relationship between Lomonosov's "Rhetoric" and the previous rhetorical tradition. The article concludes that the category of treatment in Lomonosov's "Rhetoric" is defined as a subjective form of speech expressing the author's attitude to the subject and a means of rhetorical decoration aimed at influencing the addressee. The use of appeals in Lomonosov's odes corresponds to the rhetorical provisions codified in his "Rhetorics". The lexemes most frequently used in the vocative function, such as Muse, Russia, God, and common non-personal names, serve as means to express the author's attitude and as methods of rhetorical decoration. The semantics of the address is filled with meaning from the panegyric context, and lexical spheres assigned to the studied vocatives in solemn odes are revealed. An analysis of stylistically neutral Russian words in the position of the address is also provided. The conclusions confirm the hypothesis that Lomonosov's linguistic practice embodies his philological views.