PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATING NON-EQUVALENT LEXEMS OF RUSSIAN LANGUAGE IN THE IRANIAN LINGUOCULTURAL CONTEXT

Abstract

 The translation of non-equivalent lexical units is a complex cognitive-heuristic process that requires the translator to integrate deep linguistic competencies with extensive cultural background knowledge. Adequately conveying the semantics of non-equivalent vocabulary is a key factor in successful intercultural communication and the mutual enrichment of linguistic systems. This study examines the current challenges of translating non-equivalent vocabulary of the Russian language in the specific conditions of the Iranian linguacultural context. The paper classifies and systematically analyzes the main types of non-equivalent units and proposes scientifically substantiated strategies for their translation into Persian. Particular emphasis is placed on culturally marked vocabulary and realities, the interpretation of which poses the greatest challenges in the professional training of Iranian translators. The object of this study is non-equivalent vocabulary of the Russian language, and the subject is the specifics and challenges of its translation in the Iranian linguistic environment. The relevance of this study stems from the need to improve linguodidactic methods that take into account the ethnocultural specifics of translating lacunary units. The aim of this article is to comprehensively analyze the specifics of rendering Russian non-equivalent lexemes in the educational environment of Iranian universities. The objectives of the study include the typology of non-equivalent lexemes, the identification of interference errors and difficulties encountered by Iranian students, and the development of translation algorithms for teaching Russian as a foreign language (RFL). The study's material includes an analysis of translation transformations in student papers, as well as the results of a survey of teachers and students specializing in Russian. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time, within the framework of comparative Russian and Iranian studies, a multifaceted analysis of non-equivalent vocabulary has been conducted, taking into account the psycholinguistic characteristics of the Iranian audience. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of implementing the obtained results in the preparation of textbooks and lexicographic sources.