Issledovatel'skiy Zhurnal Russkogo Yazyka I Literatury
type: channel
description: Journal Summary Issledovatel'skiy Zhurnal Russkogo Yazyka I Literatury (Research Journal of Russian Language and Literature) is an international, peer-reviewed scholarly publication established in 2013 by the Iranian Association of Russian Language and Literature. The journal is published semiannually in both print and electronic formats, maintaining a B-ranking classification from Iran's Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology. The journal specializes in original research articles spanning Russian linguistics and literature, with particular focus on general linguistics, comparative linguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, functional grammar, literary criticism, linguodidactics, and translation studies. As an open-access publication operating under Creative Commons CC-BY licensing, it provides immediate free access to all content, supporting global knowledge exchange. Employing a rigorous double-blind peer review process managed through OJS platform, the journal ensures high academic standards while maintaining an acceptance rate of 73%. It is indexed in several reputable databases including Russian Science Citation Index (eLibrary.ru), Google Scholar, DOAJ, MAGIRAN, and ISC, with digital preservation through PKP Preservation Network. The journal serves as an important academic platform for scholars worldwide, facilitating the dissemination of research on Russian language studies and teaching methodologies in diverse linguistic and cultural contexts, particularly supporting the development of Russian language studies outside Russia.
publisher: Iranian Association of Russian Language and Literature
language: en-US
publication name: Issledovatel'skiy Zhurnal Russkogo Yazyka I Literatury
issn: 2345-2498
copyright: "Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)"
items: ON THE LITERARY QUALITY OF “VOYAGE BEYOND THREE SEAS”
items: TRAVELOGUE AS A LITERARY ENCOUNTER WITH ANOTHER: THREE AFRICAN PLOTS
items: TERMINOLOGICAL MICROSYSTEM OF THE SEMANTIC SPACE OF SUBSTANDARD LEXICAL UNITS: ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE «STRANGER» IMAGE IN CRIMINAL JARGON
items: DEVELOPMENT OF READING SKILLS AT RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASS USING AFANASY NIKITIN'S NOTES “A JOURNEY BEYOND THE THREE SEAS”
items: STUDYING THE LANGUAGE OF “A JOURNEY BEYOND THE THREE SEAS” BY A. NIKITIN IN CLASSES IN THE DISCIPLINE “HISTORY OF THE RUSSIAN LITERARY LANGUAGE”
items: TULIP COLOUR IN THE COLOUR CONCEPTOSPHERE OF THE FLORAL SPACE OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE: RED OR BLACK?
items: THE SEMANTIC FIELD OF EXPRESSIVES DENOTING SAD EMOTIONAL STATES
items: CALENDAR SYSTEMS ON “VOYAGE BEYOND THREE SEAS”
items: ON THE ISSUE OF SELECTING CULTURE- SPECIFIC LANGUAGE UNITS FOR TEACHING RUSSIAN LANGUAGE IN IRAN
items: THE PROBLEMS OF MASTERING THE GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF VERB ASPECT IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AMONG IRANIAN AUDIENCES: LINGUISTIC AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS
items: PROBLEMS OF RUSSIAN WORD FORMATION IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE CLASSES IN NON-RUSSIAN AUDIENCES
items: ON THE QUESTION ABOUT THE SPELLING OF COMPOUND ADJECTIVES

ON THE LITERARY QUALITY OF “VOYAGE BEYOND THREE SEAS”
type: item
description: The article examines the aspects and manifestations of the literature of Afanasy Nikitin's “Voyage beyond Three Seas”. Attention is drawn to some plot and semantic oddities (double narrative, commercial gaps, quality of information, linguistic means, text addressing, questions of faith, the fate of the author) that need an adequate explanation. The presence of literature in the text, where it is not provided for, determines two research strategies – cryptological and theoretical. In the first case, you should check the origin of the text, clarify the attribution of authorship. In the second case, the text of the “Voyage” appears as a material for a theoretical understanding of the nature of literary text generation. The cryptological approach captures the moments that can be reclassified from random to natural. The article argues that the ontological reason for the literariness of “Voyage beyond Three Seas” is a literary paradigm that acts transpersonally and determines the features of the emerging work. The traveler and author of travel notes Afanasy Nikitin, the historiographer Karamzin, the orientalist Senkovsky and many other famous and unknown personalities involved in the creative history and receptive tradition of one of the most significant and mysterious literary monuments of Russian culture deserve grateful and unbiased study. Extended Abstract: This article examines the aspects and manifestations of the literariness of Afanasy Nikitin's "Voyage across Three Seas." Attention is paid to certain plot and semantic strangenesses—a double narrative, commercial lacunae, the quality of information, linguistic means, addressation of the text, questions of faith, and the fate of the author—that require adequate explanation. The presence of literariness in a text where it is not provided for predetermines two research strategies: a cryptological and a theoretical one. The cryptological approach seeks to verify the text's origin and clarify the attribution of authors…
creator: Alexander Korablyov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Issledovatel'skiy Zhurnal Russkogo Yazyka I Literatury http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-02
publication date: 2025-09-02
volume: 13
number: 2
starting page: 11
ending page: 32
doi: 10.61186/IARLL.26.1

TRAVELOGUE AS A LITERARY ENCOUNTER WITH ANOTHER: THREE AFRICAN PLOTS
type: item
description: The article presents a travelogue in various literary forms as reflection of a meeting with Another. This may be a discovery, both expected and unexpected. The journey is motivated by an interest in what at first appears to be alien, unknown, hints at complex content, promises heuristic surprises, which are associated with hopes for Something Else. Geographical and cultural sites with such properties were often sought just beyond the sea. During a trip around the world in 1853, I. A. Goncharov came to the interior of South Africa, their indigenous inhabitants, Blacks, Kaffirs, Bushmen, aroused his interest as representatives of Another breed of man, an ethnocultural group alien to him, and he got to know them in order to understand their characteristics and place among other similar groups. N. S. Gumilev went to Africa in search of Another One. He not only transferred his creative intuitions to African soil, but also strengthened them, extended them into the field of fiction and mythology. Above all the material that he found in his travels and which formed the content of his African poems, another topic arises, more intimate for Gumilev and more metaphysical in its meaning. It is present in him not in a consistent, distinct development, but in separate images, in associations. The purpose of the Italian writer A. Moravia's trip to Africa is to get her accurate information about the natural environment, about the social structure and about the mores of people in all the countries he visits. But along with the reality of Africa, Moravia also feels something different about the modern world. He sees here a clear evidence of the first days of peace, after which all subsequent development, from Adam to the present day, had to take place in the order described and predicted in the Old and New Testaments. Extended Abstract: This article presents the travelogue in its various literary forms as a reflection of the encounter with the Other. This meeting can become a discover…
creator: Vladimir Kotelnikov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Issledovatel'skiy Zhurnal Russkogo Yazyka I Literatury http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-02
publication date: 2025-09-02
volume: 13
number: 2
starting page: 33
ending page: 51
doi: 10.61186/IARLL.26.2

TERMINOLOGICAL MICROSYSTEM OF THE SEMANTIC SPACE OF SUBSTANDARD LEXICAL UNITS: ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE «STRANGER» IMAGE IN CRIMINAL JARGON
type: item
description: The active development of substandard lexicography, which began at the end of the twentieth century, led to an increase in the number of studies aimed at describing and systematizing substandard lexemes, as well as representing images in the substandard linguistic picture of the world in differently structured languages. A significant part of the research has been conducted and is still being conducted on the basis of the Russian language, one of the most ancient, the vernacular vocabulary of which has more than a thousand years of history. Note, however, that the history of the lexicographic presentation of colloquial lexemes is not so long and on Russian-speaking soil has only about three hundred years. It is the reason for the active scientific search of researchers of the Russian vernacular language, especially in terms of the description of vocabulary, representing the figurative component in the Russian substandard linguistic picture of the world. The description of the semantic space of substandard lexical units deserves special attention. The present study describes the terminological microsystem of the semantic space of substandard lexemes, representing the image of "Stranger" in the Russian substandard linguistic picture of the world. Extended Abstract: The active development of substandard lexicography, noted at the end of the 20th century, has caused an increase in research aimed at describing and systematizing substandard lexemes, as well as the representation of images in the substandard linguistic picture of the world in differently structured languages. A significant part of this research is conducted on the Russian language, the vernacular lexicon of which has a more than thousand-year history. This study presents a description of the terminological microsystem of the semantic space of substandard lexemes representing the image of the “Alien” (Chuzhoy) in the Russian substandard linguistic picture of the world. The research adheres to a “narrow” app…
creator: Galina Fayzieva
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Issledovatel'skiy Zhurnal Russkogo Yazyka I Literatury http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-02
publication date: 2025-09-02
volume: 13
number: 2
starting page: 53
ending page: 69
doi: 10.61186/IARLL.26.3

DEVELOPMENT OF READING SKILLS AT RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASS USING AFANASY NIKITIN'S NOTES “A JOURNEY BEYOND THE THREE SEAS”
type: item
description: Developing reading skills is one of the cornerstones of language learning. The article discusses the concept of “reading”, there are many incomplete definitions, but the authors provide a more complete one: “Reading is the process of extracting meaning from written texts. It is a complex skill that requires the coordination of interrelated sources of information”. For the student of Russian as a foreign language, reading is the way, and sometimes the goal, of learning Russian. Afanasy Nikitin's travel notes - a monument of Old Russian literature can be used in Russian as a foreign language lessons starting from A2 level. This unique literary work by a merchant from Tver, entitled “Voyage beyond Three Seas”, is a fascinating record of his journey to India in the period from 1468 to 1474. The authors of this article describe the methodology and stages of working with texts, they emphasize that every reading lesson plan should include three stages: the pre-reading, reading, and post-reading stages. According to constructivists, we create new knowledge by building on our prior knowledge. The ability to decode information from a text alone is not enough. Teachers should encourage students to use their own knowledge of the world and worldview to make sense of the text. This knowledge, often called schemas, is essential to the process of constructing meaning. The way reading skills are taught depends on what the teacher's goals are and how he or she constructs lesson plans. For this purpose, the teacher needs to decide on the objectives of the reading comprehension lesson. Teachers should activate students' knowledge of the topic of the text they are about to read by using the following activities: brainstorming, discussions, pictures, primers, prediction, and others. Activities during reading are exercises that help students focus on text features and comprehension. In addition to helping students better comprehend the text, these activities also help students to understa…
creator: Ekaterina Krasikova
creator: Aleksandr Krasikov
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Issledovatel'skiy Zhurnal Russkogo Yazyka I Literatury http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-02
publication date: 2025-09-02
volume: 13
number: 2
starting page: 71
ending page: 88
doi: 10.61186/IARLL.26.4

STUDYING THE LANGUAGE OF “A JOURNEY BEYOND THE THREE SEAS” BY A. NIKITIN IN CLASSES IN THE DISCIPLINE “HISTORY OF THE RUSSIAN LITERARY LANGUAGE”
type: item
description: The article is devoted to the study of the language of “Voyage beyond Three Seas” by Afanasy Nikitin in classes at a university in the discipline “History of the Russian Literary Language”. One of the written monuments of the Moscow period is analyzed - “Voyage beyond Three Seas” by Afanasy Nikitin. It is shown that using examples from the text you can learn more about both Russian history, reflected in the monument, and about India. Linguistic innovation has been revealed: the work of Afanasy Nikitin does not correspond to the norms of the book-Slavic type of language and is based primarily on the colloquial speech of the Great Russian people. This is manifested in the predominance of words with East Slavic phonetic features over Church Slavonicisms, the use of colloquial syntactic constructions, and the reflection of changes in gramm “Voyage beyond Three Seas” atical structure in the text. It is noted that, along with Old Russian colloquial and vernacular words, Afanasy Nikitin uses Turkic, Persian, and Arabic vocabulary acquired during the trip. It is characteristic that he resorts to foreign language vocabulary even when he expresses his innermost thoughts about the Russian land, about love for his homeland and condemns the injustice of Russian nobles. It is emphasized that the distinctive feature of the style of “Voyage beyond Three Seas” is its laconicism, accuracy and strict factuality. In addition, interactive forms, methods and technologies of teaching are considered, providing for joint creative activity of the teacher and students while studying the language of Afanasy Nikitin’s work “Voyage beyond Three Seas” in the classroom. Extended Abstract: This article positions Afanasy Nikitin’s “Voyage Beyond Three Seas” as a pivotal written monument of the Muscovite period, essential for study within the university discipline “History of the Russian Literary Language.” The work is presented not only as a historical document offering insights into 15th-century Ru…
creator: Olga Valentinovna Nikiforova
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Issledovatel'skiy Zhurnal Russkogo Yazyka I Literatury http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-02
publication date: 2025-09-02
volume: 13
number: 2
starting page: 89
ending page: 108
doi: 10.61186/IARLL.26.5

TULIP COLOUR IN THE COLOUR CONCEPTOSPHERE OF THE FLORAL SPACE OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE: RED OR BLACK?
type: item
description: The article presents the results of a polydiscursive research (the material is lexicographic sources, data of associative experiment, K. Paustovsky’s prose, data of the Russian National Corpus, advertising texts), devoted to the reconstruction of the segment of the colour conceptosphere of the floral space of the Russian language on the material of tulip colour descriptions. The composition of colour terms significant in plant visualization was established (32); a number of ways of conveying colour impression was revealed (20 colour composites; 10 colour sequences of different modification, etc.); colour dominants were established; the ways of expanding the colour range were described; the combinability of colour terms was revealed; the specificity of colouristic descriptions was revealed, which consists in conveying the intensity of colouring, in the contamination of colour and light components, in the evaluative nature of descriptions; the functional potential of plant descriptions based on the colour component was described, which is implemented in the ontological, nomenclature-classifying, expressive-expressive, culturological function, in the function of colour chronotope creating: colour spatial dimension (in the creation of colour space of nature, man, city, country, creativity, dream, etc.) and colour temporal dimension (temporal coordinate “Time of the year”, “Time of day”), in the prototypical function. Extended Abstract The cultural and axiological potential of the fund of phytonymic lexicon, along with the stable connection between plants and color noted by V.G. Kul'pina, underpins our scientific interest in reconstructing a segment of the color conceptosphere within the floristic space of the Russian language. This research, which aims to describe the specifics of the coloristic representation of the tulip based on material from various discourses (lexicographic sources, data from a directed associative experiment, works by K.G. Paustovsky, data from th…
creator: Tatyana Sivova
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Issledovatel'skiy Zhurnal Russkogo Yazyka I Literatury http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-02
publication date: 2025-09-02
volume: 13
number: 2
starting page: 109
ending page: 130
doi: 10.61186/IARLL.26.6

THE SEMANTIC FIELD OF EXPRESSIVES DENOTING SAD EMOTIONAL STATES
type: item
description: This article examines the lexical-semantic field of Russian expressive words denoting sad and negative emotional states: “грусть”, “печаль”, “тоска”, “уныние”, “горе”, “скорбь”, “скука”, and others. The research materials and analysis of these concepts are based on statistical data from the Russian National Corpus. The aim of this study is to identify and characterize the semantic differences, degrees of intensity, grammatical and stylistic features of these lexemes, as well as their associative and cultural connotations. Special attention is given to the roles of “грусть” and “печаль” as the semantic core of this field, as well as their interactions with deeper states (such as “горе”) and more superficial states (such as “скука”). These concepts are analyzed with regard to their linguistic features and their role in expressing negative emotional states. Within the framework of this research, these concepts were extracted from the Russian National Corpus in combination with anthropomorphic components such as “глаз”, “сердце” (literal meaning), “взгляд”, as well as “душа” and “жизнь” (figurative meaning). Extended Abstract: This article examines the lexical-semantic field of Russian expressives denoting sad and negative emotional states: "grust" (sadness), "pechal" (sorrow), "toska" (melancholy/yearning), "unynie" (despondency), "gore" (grief), "skorb" (mourning), "skuka" (boredom) and others. The research materials and analysis of these concepts are based on statistical data from the National Corpus of the Russian Language (NCRL). The aim is to identify and characterize the semantic differences, degree of intensity, grammatical and stylistic features of these lexemes, as well as their associative and cultural connotations. Particular attention is paid to the positions of "grust" and "pechal" as the semantic core of the field, and their interaction with deeper (e.g., "gore") and more superficial (e.g., "skuka") states. The relevance of the study is determined by the …
creator: Maryam Shafaghi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Issledovatel'skiy Zhurnal Russkogo Yazyka I Literatury http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-02
publication date: 2025-09-02
volume: 13
number: 2
starting page: 131
ending page: 148
doi: 10.61186/IARLL.26.7

CALENDAR SYSTEMS ON “VOYAGE BEYOND THREE SEAS”
type: item
description: The article discusses the calendar systems used by Afanasy Nikitin in his work “Voyage beyond Three Seas”. At the beginning of his journey, Afanasy rarely resorts to calendar dates, but as he moves away from the Russian land, he begins to report on Christian holidays, linking them with the events of his journey. In the fourth year of his journey, Athanasy loses his calendar entries and cannot determine the month and even the day of the week according to the Christian calendar. He begins to recall the correspondence of Christian and Muslim holidays, which is reflected in his narrative. Memories of the proximity of Easter to Eid al-Fitr and St. Peter's Day to Eid al-Adha allow him to determine the time of the Christian Easter rather approximately. This information from Athanasy allowed us to accurately calculate the year when he began his journey (1467), and when he completed it (the end of 1472), and it was not considered earlier than 1468-1474. Athanasy, as can be seen from his notes, clearly feels a certain uncertainty in his calculations, which leads him to celebrate Easter together with Muslims, who celebrate Eid al-Adha at this point of the year. Until Trebizond, which he entered on October 1, 1472, Afanasy Nikitin could not accurately determine the time of Christian holidays. Despite this, he continues to correlate certain Christian and Muslim holidays. Athanasy Nikitin's use of two calendar systems is, of course, due to the loss of his records, which forced him to switch to a relative chronology of his journey, based on the possibilities available to him. Good memory and observation allowed Afanasy Nikitin to get out of a difficult situation and continue celebrating Easter in a situation where its exact date could not be calculated. As a result, for three years (from the beginning of 1470 to the end of 1472), Afanasy Nikitin could not accurately find out the exact dates of Christian holidays. Extended Abstract: This article examines the calendar systems used b…
creator: Anton Vvedensky
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Issledovatel'skiy Zhurnal Russkogo Yazyka I Literatury http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-02
publication date: 2025-09-02
volume: 13
number: 2
starting page: 149
ending page: 164
doi: 10.61186/IARLL.26.8

ON THE ISSUE OF SELECTING CULTURE- SPECIFIC LANGUAGE UNITS FOR TEACHING RUSSIAN LANGUAGE IN IRAN
type: item
description: Language, being an integral element of culture, emphasizes the most unique in it. In order for Iranian students to fully master socio-cultural competence, it is necessary to acquaint them with the peculiarities of language use within the framework of a new culture. The purpose of this article was to develop and substantiate the procedure for selecting vocabulary with a national-cultural component, which should be introduced to Iranian students in a Russian language lesson at the middle stage of education. The leading research method was an open associative experiment, in which 49 native Persian speakers took part. Iranian associations were compared with associations from the Russian Regional Associative Dictionary, and the number of matching associations was counted for each stimulus. Based on the obtained results, conclusions were made about the need for linguacultural commentary when studying these words at the middle stage of education. Among the culturally specific units we selected, 17% of the stimuli revealed a significant similarity in the associative reactions of Russian and Iranian respondents. They caused 65-80% identical associations, demonstrating the similarity of the national-cultural semantics of these words. Another 7 stimuli (24%) caused 40-65% overlapping reactions, 12 stimuli (41%) caused 20-40% similar reactions, 5 words (17%) activated little or no similar associations in native speakers of Russian and Persian. In our opinion, the comparison of associative fields can be recommended as an effective method for selecting culturally specific vocabulary when teaching Russian according to the first certification level program. Extended Abstract: Language, as an integral element of culture, highlights its most unique aspects. For Iranian students to fully acquire sociocultural competence, it is necessary to introduce them to the features of language use within a new cultural context. The aim of this article was to develop and justify a procedure for se…
creator: Nahideh Kalashi
creator: Natal’ia Brem
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Issledovatel'skiy Zhurnal Russkogo Yazyka I Literatury http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-02
publication date: 2025-09-02
volume: 13
number: 2
starting page: 165
ending page: 182
doi: 10.61186/IARLL.26.9

THE PROBLEMS OF MASTERING THE GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY OF VERB ASPECT IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AMONG IRANIAN AUDIENCES: LINGUISTIC AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS
type: item
description: This article examines the challenges faced by Iranian students in mastering the grammatical category of verb aspect in the Russian language, with particular emphasis on a comparative analysis with Persian. The category of verb aspect, divided into perfective and imperfective forms, constitutes a fundamental element of linguistic analysis, as it determines the temporal characteristics and moods of verbs, which are critical for understanding Russian grammatical systems. The absence of a comparable category in Persian creates significant difficulties for Iranian learners when selecting the correct verb form. Linguistic analysis reveals that students encounter problems in using verb aspects primarily due to a lack of awareness of aspectual meanings, which leads to frequent errors in application. Furthermore, the complex aspect-tense forms of Russian exacerbate the learning process. From a methodological standpoint, the deficiency of effective teaching methods that account for the specific features of the Russian language also contributes to errors in speech production. This study employs a descriptive-analytical approach, enabling a deeper understanding of the issues related to teaching verb aspect to Iranian students. Many existing instructional methodologies fail to consider the linguistic background of Iranian learners, potentially resulting in ineffective teaching outcomes. To enhance the teaching of verb aspect in Russian, it is recommended to implement diverse pedagogical strategies and utilize authentic materials. Such an approach will facilitate students’ better comprehension and application of this grammatical category. The article underscores the necessity of a comprehensive approach to teaching verb aspect to improve students’ proficiency and achieve a more profound understanding of the language. Extended Abstract: The grammatical category of verb aspect in Russian, encompassing the binary distinction between perfective and imperfective forms, represents a co…
creator: Maryam Rezaei Azin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Issledovatel'skiy Zhurnal Russkogo Yazyka I Literatury http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-02
publication date: 2025-09-02
volume: 13
number: 2
starting page: 183
ending page: 201
doi: 10.61186/IARLL.26.10

PROBLEMS OF RUSSIAN WORD FORMATION IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE CLASSES IN NON-RUSSIAN AUDIENCES
type: item
description: We reflect the similarities of objects and phenomena of life around us in language, in the similarity of words in their sound appearance and meaning. Words, like language in general, evolve. The development of words is manifested in a change in the meaning of the word and in a change in the division of the word into parts. The designation of certain newly emerging concepts about individual particular phenomena in objective reality in language is subsumed under certain, already existing samples-models; Thus, specific phenomena are constantly elevated to the level of structural and grammatical generalizations. In the course of improving the system of word formation in a language, a whole system of word-formation elements is developed, with the help of which the concept contained in the generating bases receives a different light. Thus, the suffixes -щик (-чик), -ец, -ист connecting with the basics of certain semantics, give the latter the meaning of a masculine person (угольщик, переводчик, борец), the suffixes -ние (-нье), -тие (-тье) and others give the productive bases the meaning of abstract action (усвоение, плаванье, открытие и др.). In combination with any base, any word-forming suffix modifies its lexical grammatical meaning, as a result of which a new word is born, which, while maintaining a semantic connection with its base, adjoins the grammatical category that is characteristic of a particular lexical-grammatical category of words. The formation of new words according to one or another word-formation type is subject to the laws of combination of morphemes, determined by the grammatical structure of the Russian language. The study of ways of forming new words and determining the productivity of individual morphological types in the Russian literary language is of significant interest, since this will allow us to establish the presence of some trends in the field of modern Russian word formation, and will also provide the necessary material for a higher scho…
creator: Nozanin Sharipova
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Issledovatel'skiy Zhurnal Russkogo Yazyka I Literatury http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-02
publication date: 2025-09-02
volume: 13
number: 2
starting page: 203
ending page: 220
doi: 10.61186/IARLL.26.11

ON THE QUESTION ABOUT THE SPELLING OF COMPOUND ADJECTIVES
type: item
description: One of the word-formation methods that are actively operating in the modern Russian language is word composition. The use of this method is especially widespread in the category of adjectives. Comparison of the Usability of Certain Types of Composition in the Literary Language of the 18th, 19th and 20th Centuries. leads to the conclusion that the most productive types of composition of the modern Russian language were fixed from the beginning and throughout the 19th century, i.e. during the formation of the modern Russian literary language. The most characteristic of the modern Russian language of the last period is the very widespread use of the connecting method of word formation. This type of composition was also known in earlier periods of the development of the Russian language, but only during the 19th century. became widespread, which was fixed and received its further development in the literary language of the last period. Two types of subordinating word composition are also very widespread at the present time, which were productive in earlier periods of the development of the Russian literary language. But the use of these types of compounding in modern language also differs sharply from their use in earlier periods. Extended Abstract There are many ways to form words. Most often, there are complex words formed by adding two or more roots, the most difficult words to write and pronounce: words - meanings of quantities, words - names of chemical compounds. Also, the Russian dictionary is actively enriched with foreign language borrowed words, many of them have a complex root basis. The active inclusion of compound words in Russian vocabulary confirms the need to study the peculiarities of semantics and structure, as well as the methods of formation of compound words, which undoubtedly has theoretical and practical significance for modern linguistics. The process of forming complex words is in continuous development. One of the word-formation methods activel…
creator: Salomat Okhunova
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Issledovatel'skiy Zhurnal Russkogo Yazyka I Literatury http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-02
publication date: 2025-09-02
volume: 13
number: 2
starting page: 221
ending page: 243
doi: 10.61186/IARLL.26.12