Issledovatel'skiy Zhurnal Russkogo Yazyka I Literatury

GENRE UNIQUENESS OF THE "FINAL" BOOK OF POEMS BY E. EUTUSHENKO. YEVTUSHENKO "I DON'T KNOW HOW TO SAY GOODBYE. VERSES. POEMS" (2013)

2023-12-16T07:33:46+00:00

The article deals with the genre and problem-thematic features of the "final" book of poems by E. Yevtushenko "I Don't Know How to Say Goodbye. Verses and Poems". In the course of the analysis it is established that two genre-species forms of the "final" book of poems are developing in contemporary Russian poetry: a boundary or stage book of poems and a "testament book", built on the genre model of the "final" book of poems of the last third of the XIX century. The paper concludes that E. Yevtushenko's book of poems belongs to the second genre-species form, where an important ideological and semantic role is played by the complicated architectonics, plot-forming motifs, polygraphic means, and metaphorical title. The distinctive features of E. Yevtushenko's poetics become declarative, epatastic, strongly pronounced subjectivity of the poetic voice of the lyrical hero, closely merged with the image of the poet himself. The book demonstrates the author's view of his own fate and the fate of Russia. It actualizes the motifs of forgiveness and farewell, loss, the desire to share the most intimate things, to remember the best moments of his life, to thank his loved ones; biography is combined with a dialogical appeal to the "other".

MODERN SLANG AND TEACHING RUSSIAN TO IRANIAN STUDENTS

2023-11-25T07:19:07+00:00

The article examines the concept of “slang” and analyzes the features of youth slang in the Iranian and Russian languages. Slang is a youth jargon that forms a layer of colloquial vocabulary, reflecting a rudely familiar, sometimes humorous attitude towards the subject of speech, words that live a full life in the modern language, but are considered undesirable for use in a literary language. The concept of “slang” is increasingly gaining attention in modern philology. Currently, there are a large number of definitions that often contradict each other. The fact remains indisputable that in the modern Russian language slang is the most mobile layer of vocabulary, which is an accurate reflection of the linguistic picture of the world of representatives of a certain culture. Currently, languages are changing significantly right before our eyes. The relevance of the problem lies in the fact that youth slang is one of the components of the process of language development, its replenishment, and its diversity. Without knowing this layer of vocabulary, it is impossible to have a complete understanding of language as a developing phenomenon, which is necessary when teaching Russian to Iranian students. It is shown that slang is an integral part of many languages. It reflects the specificity of modern unique life.

IMAGE OF THE EAST IN “LETTERS OF A RUSSIAN FROM PERSIA” BY N. F. MASALSKY

2023-11-08T08:40:54+00:00

The article examines one of the works of documentary literature, which contains information about Persia in the mid-19th century. This kind of literature includes notes, letters and travel journals of Russian diplomats, military officers and travelers who visited Persia in the 18th – 19th centuries. This layer of literature has been practically unexplored. The article analyzes “Letters of a Russian from Persia” by Nikolai Fedorovich Masalsky, a professional military man and artilleryman. In 1839 he was sent to Persia to organize technical artillery institutions and train artillery officers. “Letters of a Russian from Persia” represent a reliable and valuable source of information about Persia. The “Letters” comprehensively describe the natural realities, religious, social, cultural and everyday aspects of the life of the Persians. Thematically “Letters” are included in the eastern text of Russian literature. They have signs of ambassadorial discourse. “Letters of a Russian from Persia” is in the form of an epistolary. From this point of view, the genre features of the text are analyzed: the structure of the epistolary, artistic means, style. The analysis establishes that descriptions of an unfamiliar geographical, social and cultural space and numerous Persian realities form the core of the travel narrative and have the properties of a guide to the country. The author's innovation in the formation of new functional properties of a travelogue – the properties of a guidebook – is noted.

REPRESENTATION OF THE PHENOMENON OF CHILDHOOD IN THE «PEDAGOGICAL POEM» BY A. MAKARENKO

2023-12-23T12:57:00+00:00

The article analyzes the phenomenon of childhood in A. Makarenko's "Pedagogical Poem". The comparative-historical method was used, as well as the method of holistic analysis of the artwork. It is established that, firstly, the theme of childhood is represented through the motifs of loneliness, poverty, hunger, wandering. Secondly, ideas about the new ideal world created after the revolution, where everyone finds his place, embodies the image of the house-commune. The commune house becomes a kind of emblem of socialist realist culture and utopian type of consciousness. On the other hand, the fate of the lost house-nest and its inhabitants are considered by the writer at a historical turning point and symbolize the destruction of the usual way of life, way of life. The consequences of the loss of home are social and metaphysical orphanhood, hopelessness, characteristic of the homeless heroes, who in the process of upbringing find themselves and their place in the world.

FINDING THE MOTHERLAND IN ISOLATION FROM IT (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF FATE AND CREATIVITY OF I.A. BUNIN)

2023-12-16T08:17:29+00:00

The article examines Bunin's prose of the 1920s and 40s in the aspect of the writer's changing attitude to Russia in isolation from it. After 1917, Bunin experienced the irretrievability of what had happened ("Cursed Days", "Name Days", "Penguins", "Mad Artist", harsh journalism). This position is most concentrated in the story "The End": "Russia is over." Since the early 1930s, burning pain has been replaced by humility and acceptance of the fact. Russia does not exist – but the memory of it is alive, and Russia belongs to the eternal world of culture. The artist returns her authentic image, "metaphysically enlightened" ("Wanderings", "Arsenyev's Life"). Bunin perceived the Nazi attack on the Soviet Union as a terrible ordeal for the Russian people. The features of Sovdepia have been erased, and Bunin finds his Motherland anew – no longer as a symbolic space in culture, but as a truly existing one. In such circumstances, he creates "Dark Alleys" – a book about love and a book about Russia.

TACTICS OF CHARACTERIZATION OF LEO TOLSTOY IN THE DIARIES OF SOPHIA TOLSTAYA

2023-10-09T15:19:11+00:00

The article considers Leo Tolstoy's identification tactics reflected in his wife Sophia's diaries for the period from 1862 to 1900. The aim has been achieved by using methods and techniques of continuous sampling of statements characterizing L. Tolstoy, discursive and pragmatic analysis, and propositional function. The paper establishes that reflections about the husband are the ones of the key topics in Sophia Tolstaya's diary. The analysis of the entries has revealed the following characterization tactics: high positive assessment of her husband's qualities, recognition of his exceptionalism; low assessment of his economic acumen; affirmation of Leo Tolstoy's efficiency, persistence, diligence as a writer, description of him as a man whose words do not meet the actions; as a man indifferent to his wife and family; as a self-serving, selfish, pragmatic man; inconsistent, contradictory, unstable, with rapidly changing moods; as a lover, a male; as an ambitious person. Sophia Andreyevna does not perceive him as a kindred spirit. She believes that she is interesting to her husband as a woman and as a meticulous performer of various tasks.

ADDRESSES IN THE SOLEMN ODES OF M.V. LOMONOSOV AS ORATORICAL FORMS OF SPEECH

2023-12-15T10:07:06+00:00

The subject of the article is the category of treatment in the Rhetoric and solemn odes of M.V. Lomonosov. The task was to show that the category of address in Lomonosov's odes is used in accordance with its rhetorical codification in Lomonosov's textbooks of rhetoric: as a subjective form of speech designed to express the author's attitude to the subject of speech, and as a means of rhetorical decoration, contributing to the achievement of a pragmatic goal – to influence the addressee. The article describes Lomonosov's interpretation of the category of treatment against the background of the previous rhetorical tradition, gives a general description of the use of lexical classes of nouns in the role of treatment. The use of the most frequent words in the vocative function is analyzed – Muse, Russia, God. For the purpose of comparison, the use of common non-personal names in the role of odic addresses is studied. It is demonstrated that the semantics of the address is necessarily filled with meaning coming from the panegyric context. The lexical spheres (figurative and metaphorical synonyms) assigned to the studied vocatives in the odes are also revealed. The conclusions made confirm the assumption that Lomonosov's linguistic practice is the embodiment of his philological views.

THE LANGUAGE REPRESENTATION OF THE CONCEPT “MOTHERLAND” IN THE TEXT OF A LULLABY AS A GENRE OF PEDAGOGICAL DISCOURSE

2023-11-25T07:13:51+00:00

The article is devoted to the identifying ways of the linguistic representation of the concept of “homeland” in the texts of lullabies. The concept is understood as a mental entity that reflects not only the totality of the most significant features of an object, but also ideas, associations, and experiences that are associated with it. The relevance of this study is determined by the fact that the analyzed concept “homeland” is undoubtedly one of the basic concepts of many languages, since it reflects the socially significant relationship between a person and his place of residence and, as a consequence, the cultural values inherent in a particular society. The key nature of the concept “homeland” in the conceptual sphere of the Russian language is evidenced by the prevalence of this concept in the texts of lullabies, with which a person’s acquaintance with the world begins.

COLOUR OF VIOLET IN THE RUSSIAN COLOUR CONCEPTOSPHERE

2023-12-13T18:17:46+00:00

The article presents the results of polydiscursive research (the material is lexicographic sources, associative experiment data, the Russian National Corpus materials), devoted to reconstruction of the segment of the floristic space of Russian colour conceptosphere (on the material of violets colour descriptions). The main results are: 1) the composition of main colour terms significant in plant visualisation (12 units) is revealed; the expansion of the colour spectrum is described; the colour terms spheres of denotation are established; 2) the functional potential of descriptions is revealed; 3) the composition of colour terms based on colour descriptions of violet (47) is established, the spheres of denotation are described; 4) the specificity of their functioning is revealed, which consists in the variability of interpretation of colour meaning, in the significance of correct mediated colour rendering, in the broad evaluability, in the actualization of cultural potential.

LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL ANALYSIS OF THE TEXT "THE TALE OF THE FISHERMAN AND FISH" AND "THE LITTLE BLACK FISH"

2023-12-04T07:04:33+00:00

This article identifies and describes the key concepts of Iranian and Russian culture, compares the language picture of the world of the two peoples through a linguistic and cultural analysis of A.S. Pushkin "The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish" and Samad Behrangi "The Little Black Fish". The creation and development of linguocultural competence of students today is one of the most important tasks of teaching a foreign language (in our case, Russian as a foreign language in Iran). Therefore, the relevance of the topic of the article lies in the following: The need to develop linguocultural competence of students for the communicative use of lexical means of the Russian language in all types of speech activity; the need to develop students the ability to see what is common and different in another language, culture, to appreciate and respect their own culture and the culture of another people. The linguocultural meanings found during the analysis will allow students to more fully and deeply understand both their native culture and the culture of the language being studied.

THE IMAGE OF THE CITY IN THE PROSE OF D. DANILOV (THE NOVELS “DESCRIPTION OF THE CITY” AND “SASHA, HELLO!”)

2023-12-16T07:31:54+00:00

The article analyzes the ways of creating the image of city in the prose of D. Danilov. It is noted that the narrator plays a major role in the unfolding of the text, who also acquires the role of an observer. The function of observation in its turn actualizes the visual aspect of the text. Thanks to this, the representation of the city as a space turns out to be connected with the act of observation itself, which not only reduces the city to a set of visual images, but also constructs a specific montage of them. At the same time, observation itself takes the form of “naïve” fixation of typical images and details, which emphasizes attention to ordinary, banal images. Thanks to this, the city in the analyzed works by D. Danilov is deprived of its definiteness associated with a specific name. The city is shown as a conventional space, at the same time filled with details characterized by concreteness. This allows the novelist to include the reader in the unfolding of the image of the city not only through an interactive game, consisting in attempts to guess the city itself, but also through the actualization of the reader's experience of living in the spaces of his own city.

COMPARISON OF CRITICAL VIEWS OF V.G. BELINSKY ON PUSHKIN, GOGOL AND LERMONTOV

2023-10-15T14:57:26+00:00

The article is dedicated to exploring the literary and critical views of V.G.Belinsky, the creator of the historical-literary concept that depicted the development of Russian literature from Lomonosov to Pushkin and Gogol. Belinsky considered the reflection of social phenomena in life as the highest virtue of literature. He believed that Pushkin created Russian literature as an art, but his work lacked acute social significance. The article concludes that Belinsky's criticism was geared towards revolutionary transformations in society. This explains his assertion that Pushkin fulfilled his mission and should yield to representatives of "real" poetry, such as Gogol and Lermontov. In contemporary Iranian literary studies, there has been insufficient attention to the exploration of the creative legacy of one of the most influential literary critics of the first half of the 19th century. This article provides a comparative analysis of Belinsky's ideas, determining the significance of Pushkin, Gogol, and Lermontov for the development of Russian literature.